Class VIII: Future, Zero and First Conditional

For this class we have the following goals:

• To identify and apply the simple future "will" and the zero and first conditional.

Use of Future Simple

• Video

The simple future refers to a time later than now, and expresses facts or certainty. In this case there is no 'attitude'.

The simple future is used:

• To predict a future event:
  It will rain tomorrow.
• With I or We, to express a spontaneous decision:
  I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
• To express willingness: 
  I'll do the washing-up.
  He'll carry your bag for you.
• In the negative form, to express unwillingness:
  The baby won't eat his soup.
  I won't leave until I've seen the manager!
• With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to make an offer:
  Shall I open the window?
• With we in the interrogative form using "shall", to make a suggestion:
  Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
• With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to ask for advice or instructions:
  What shall I tell the boss about this money?
• With you, to give orders:
  You will do exactly as I say.
• With you in the interrogative form, to give an invitation:
  Will you come to the dance with me?
  Will you marry me?

Note:In modern English will is preferred to shall. Shall is mainly used with I and we to make an offer or suggestion, or to ask for advice (see examples above). With the other persons (you, he, she, they) shall is only used in literary or poetic situations, e.g. "With rings on her fingers and bells on her toes, She shall have music wherever she goes."

FORMING THE SIMPLE FUTURE

The simple future tense is composed of two parts: will / shall + the infinitive without to

Subject	will	infinitive without to
Affirmative
I	will	go
I	shall	go
Negative
They	will not	see
They	won't	see
Interrogative
Will	she	ask?
Interrogative negative
Won't	they	try?

CONTRACTIONS

I will = I'll
We will = we'll
You will = you'll
He will = he'll
She will = she'll
They will = they'll
Will not = won't

The form "it will" is not normally shortened.

TO SEE: SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Interrogative Negative
I will see	I won't see	Will I see?	Won't I see?
*I shall see		*Shall I see?
You will see	You won't see	Will you see?	Won't you see?
He will see	He won't see	Will he see?	Won't he see?
We will see	We won't see	Will we see?	Won't we see?
*We shall see		*Shall we see?
They will see	They won't see	Will they see?	Won't they see?

*Shall is dated, but it is still commonly used instead of "will" with the affirmative or interrogative forms of I and we in certain cases (see above).

Exercises

• Affirmative Sentences - Exercises
• Negative Sentences - Exercises
• Questions - Exercises
• Mixed Exercises

Zero and First Conditional

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:

• if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.

• If it rains, I won't go to the park.
• If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.
• If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.
• She'll be late if the train is delayed.
• She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.
• If I see her, I'll tell her.

First vs. Zero Conditional:

The first conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the zero conditional describes what happens in general.

For example (zero conditional): if you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm talking about every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural consequence of the sitting)

But (first conditional): if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about what will happen today, another day might be different)

Exercises:

• Set of exercises